Using Visio is really hard for this course, ERD is the hardest part, there are too many entity and line u need to change, sometimes it is not hard, but it makes me crazy.

1. What was difficult about it and how would you suggest it could be improved?

It is hard because I don’t use it normally, only a few course need to use Visio, there is not enough time to practice this program, that is the problem.

1. Name three (3) things you learnt this term in COIS20025.

Context diagram, ERD diagram and normalization are the learned in this course.

1. What career are you working towards?

I am not sure about that, perhaps something related to IT.

1. How will you be able to use the knowledge and skills learnt in this course in your future career?

Business analysis is really needed to future career. Never care what career you will do in the future, you have to think about the business analysis, it’s good for every people.

1 Direct changeover : In this changeover method the changeover is immediate from the old system to the new system. In this system the operating costs will be less as only one system will be in operation at a time. However, there is also a disadvantage as there will not be a backup. There is a chance that the Health centre may not support both the systems, then the best option for the health centre’s is to use this method.

2 Parallel Operation : In this changeover method, both the old and the new system operates fully at a particular time. In this method the data is entered in both the systems and is tested for consistency. If the health centres adopt this method then there is least risk as the results can be compared and a back up is created. However, this method is relatively as both the systems operates for a full period.

3 Pilot Operation : In this changeover method, the new system is installed in a single department in an organization and the rest of the organization continues to use the old system. In this changeover method the cost is relatively moderate as the new system is tested only at one particular site and the risk involved is also less.

4 Phased changeover- In this the changeover method, the new system is implemented in different stages or modules across the Health Centres. In this system a part of the new system is installed at the health centres for testing and the cost involved in this method is also less as the new system is implemented in stages and the risk involved is also less.

This system causes the implementation of the new system directly with replacing the older system with immediate effect. This means that the cost of switch over is least in this method as the IT department has to operate only one system at a time. This approach also helps when the system is developed in-house as the specifications are known and the users are involved during the production process which makes overcoming the errors quicker. The advantage of this approach is that it is the least expensive changeover method. The disadvantages of this approach are that this method involves maximum risk and it is most difficult to detect minor errors, results obtained from this system cannot be compared with the older system, older system cannot be used as backup in times of emergency.

• Parallel:

This method involves operation of both the old and the new system together. The data is fed simultaneously fed into the systems and the outputs are obtained from them. The outputs are compared for both the systems. When the management and users are satisfied with the new system, the older system is terminated. The main advantage of this method is that of the satisfaction, till the users are not satisfied with the new system the older system is not terminated. The disadvantages of this system is that it is the most expensive changeover method, temporary employees might be needed to operate the new system as the older system is also used with the same intensity, operating with both the systems will increase the load in operating system effecting in processing delays.

• Pilot:

This method involves the implementation of the new system at a selected location and running the old system in the rest of the organization, also in the selected location. The advantage with this system is that the operational running cost unlike direct and parallel is lesser and more fruitful. Also, the efficiency of the system can be tested and implemented in rest of the organization only after ensuring the efficiency of the new system.

On pages 512 – 514 the textbook identifies and discusses four types of maintenance tasks. Post an entry to your blog that gives one example of each type of maintenance task that might be needed once the Pacific Tuna Watch Information System (the system you have modelled and designed the data for in assignments 1 and 2) is in operation.

• Phased:

The phased method implements the new system in phases or stages. This method implements sub-system instead of the whole the system. The advantage of this method is the limitation of risk of errors and failures to the implemented area and not to the whole organization like other approaches. The disadvantage of this approach is that it cannot be implemented if the system cannot be separated easily into segments or phases.

Object-oriented approaches have great emphasises on iterative and incremental method that remains constant during the life of the system development and every iterations brings the system closer to the final requests of the user. Object-oriented approach uses a set of diagrams to represent several views and functionality of a system. This is commonly known as Unified Modelling Language (UML).(Booch et al., 1999) When these models are used along with a particular method of system development, the Object-oriented approach becomes known as the Unified Process. Unified process follows an iterative and incremental approach to system development. The system development life cycle is used as consisting of several increments or phases: inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. In each increment or phase, the developers move through the activities of gathering requirements, analysing the requirements, designing the systems, implementing the design, and testing the system.

Shelly, G.B., T. J. Cashman, and H. J. Rosenblatt, HJ 2008, System Analysis and Design. 7^th ed. Thomson Course Technology, Boston.

Object-oriented approach gives reduction of development and maintenance time. This creates a level of uncertainty as to which process to select and which one is better to develop system with. This leads to confusion and misunderstanding between object oriented approach and traditional approach. Thus it is not clear whether we all should move toward the Object-oriented approach or not. Complexity is the main problem in object-oriented approach. Complexity among diagrams and models leads to some misunderstanding in system development. In Traditional approach, there are only three diagrams or models, however in object-oriented approach, about thirteen diagrams and models are used. Specific understanding of relationships between diagrams and models is required for the successful design, development and implementation of an information system. It is essential to note, how one model is developed from several models and descriptions.

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• Name one way that the traditional and object-oriented approaches to information systems development are different. Explain how they are different.One way which differ Traditional approach and Object-oriented approach is waterfall model. Traditional approach uses waterfall model where Object-oriented doesn’t use. Phases in Object-Oriented approach are completely different from traditional approach. In Traditional approach, One phase should be completed before moving to next phase where Object Oriented follows iterative and incremental approach to system development.

Receive and transform customer DVD order

• Process name: Receive and transform customer DVD order
• Process number: 1.0
• Purpose: take customer order and payment, and give receipt to customer
• Input Data Flows: customer order
• Output Data Flows: receipt, also take DVD from store.
• Process description: main acting between customer and staff, payment and receipt
• Notes: this process also include check if DVD is avaible or not

Update DVD rent file

• Process name: Update DVD rent file
• Process number: 2.0
• Purpose: remember the DVD rented for customer
• Input Data Flows: from 1.0, after staff finish 1.0
• Output Data Flows: write the data into DVD rented File
• Process description: this process is to write the DVD rent information into the special file
• Notes: this process happened for every rent, data separate by day. This also include customer file.

Update Inventory File

• Process name: Update Inventory File
• Process number: 3.0
• Purpose: remember the inventory information
• Input Data Flows: 1.0
• Output Data Flows: inventory data file
• Process description: staff count the number of DVD rented in the inventory
• Notes: same as 2.0

DVD rental management report

• Process name: DVD rental management report
• Process number: 4.0
• Purpose: main report for the shop
• Input Data Flows: customer rent file and inventory data file
• Output Data Flows: give the report to manager
• Process description: this report include all transection in the shop.
• Notes: manager watch the report, so they know customer need, so they can manage the store

In order to create the academic essay required by assignment 2, it is necessary for you to have answers to questions such as:

• What is the traditional approach to systems development?
• What is the object-oriented approach to systems development?
• What textbooks, journals and/or websites might be useful to search for articles about Comparing and contrasting the traditional and object-oriented approaches to systems development?

During week 3 (e.g. pp 106-121 of the textbook) you will be introduced to a range of methods for finding out the answers to these types of questions. For example, pages 114 to 121 of the textbook describe the following fact-finding techniques: document review, observation, questionnaires and surveys, sampling and research.

Post an entry to your blog that explains how you could use each of these techniques to answer the above questions. You should NOT attempt to answer these questions. You should explain how document review, observation, questionnaires and surveys, sampling and research might be used to answer these questions. It may be possible that some of these approaches might not help answer these questions. If so, explain why.

Document review: The purpose of document review is to review documents and determine whether or not they’re “responsive” or “non-responsive” as they pertain to a specific legal case or issue. For answer the question here, we need to read the case study in assignment 1 again and also read the solution for assignement1. We also need to read the text book.

Observation：Seeing the system in action gives you additional perspective and a better understanding of the system procedures. We cannot really seeing the system, all the information is basic on the case study, so I don’t think this method useful for this question.

Questionnaires and surveys: When designing a questionnaire, the most important rule of all is to make sure that your questions collect the right data in a form that you can use to further your fact-finding. I don’t think this method useful here, if we really want make a survey, just make a survey for classmates, ask some question about how they think about system development, get some idea when I write the essay.

Sampling: Main objective of a sample is to ensure that it represents the overall population accurately. I don’t think this method useful.

Research: Can include the Internet, IT magazines, and books to obtain background information, technical material, and news about industry trends and developments. I think that is the main method we use write the essay. we can search lots of topic in the internet about the questions, so we get the idea how should we write our own essay.

1 They are using different bits of software for storing types of data. For instance MS-Word for textual data and even tabular data, MS-Excel for tabular data and graphs, MS-Access as a    stand-alone database with rudimentary functionality, graphics software for images, statistical analysis software for storing data (sometimes duplicate data) and performing statistical analysis.

2 Data is stored in different software packages, they are not in a standardised format. Therefore they cannot be shared easily and as well it is difficult to do any meaningful statistical analysis.

3 Data is recorded in different formats, the information that is stored is inconsistent, incomplete and in many cases duplicated.

4 Data is stored in different software packages, there is the technical problem of maintaining and updating software all the time to be able to continue to record, store and access the information needed.

5 In many cases the data stored are results of statistical calculations so information on individual data items is not recorded.

What information do you need to find out about the work of the Pacific Tuna Watch organisation to develop a detailed understanding of the current system?

I think there is enough information in the case study to develop the new system.